GEM KNOWLEDGE · LABORATORY NOTES
Kyanite (India)
A dark blue palm stone reported from India, with a mineral identification supported by several lines of testing.
What the report found: The specimen is mainly kyanite. Its chemistry, optical properties, cleavage and parting, and measured density of 3.60 g/cm³ support that identification.
The laboratory did not find evidence of alteration to potassium-bearing mica in the analyzed specimen. It suggests the dark color may be caused by oxide inclusions containing iron, chromium, and titanium; that color explanation is a proposal rather than a separately confirmed identification of each inclusion. The source in India was supplied with the sample, while the report establishes the tested mineral composition.
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Analytical Result Report Sample id: 9254 (dark blue palm kyanite) Submitted by: K. Bitner Date submitted: Jan. 15, 2021. Date completed: Jan. 29, 2021. Operating conditions: JEOL JSM-6400 operated at 25 kV acceleration potential, 15 mm working distance, 15 degrees sample tilt, coated with 250 Å carbon. Using the X-ray fluorescence attachment with 35kv potental in conjunction with the EDS system. Fig. 1: Photograph of the specimen, approximately 60x43x23 mm. Fig. 2: Petrographic images of a grain of the specimen in 1.700 refractive index oil. Left: plane polarzied light, right: crossed Nichols. 750 microns field of view. Table 1: Compositions of the specimen (In weight percent) element Silicon dioxide 35.35 Aluminum oxide 60.88 Calcium oxide 0.06 Magnesium oxide 1.18 Iron oxide 0.32 Titanium oxide 0.72 Chromium oxide 0.25 Summary of findings: The specimen (Fig. 1), is mainly composed of an aluminum silicate (Table 1). No evidence of alteration to mica species was noted (Table 1), as no potassium was detected. The refractive indices are all above 1.7 and the cleavage angles and the parting support the presence of kyanite. The density, 3.60 g/cm 3, also supports kyanite and not the other polymorphs, sillimanite or andalusite both of which have a density around 3.2—3.3 g/cm 3. The origin of his specimen is in high pressure metapelitic rocks (which stem from clay-rich sediments, shales…). The dark color is likely caused by inclusions of dark oxides, iron, chromium, and titanium oxides, possible incorporating magnesium with is present in the specimen. Date: January 29, 2021 Signature


