GEM KNOWLEDGE · LABORATORY NOTES
Stilbite (Green)
A green zeolite material offered as apophyllite, examined to determine the minerals responsible for its color.
Finding: The principal zeolite was identified as stilbite-(Ca), not apophyllite. Chlorite-group material contributes green color; hematite or altered chlorite contributes reddish-brown areas. The report also notes possible laumontite.
Report: Sample 9238, specimen 8, completed April 15, 2021. The analysis applies to this tested green specimen.
Report images © Soul Body Gems, Alexander Falster and the Maine Mineral & Gem Museum. Please acknowledge all three when referring to these results. Findings apply to the specimen examined.
Understanding the report figures
Use this guide alongside the written findings and the original report transcript. It explains the purpose of each analytical figure and preserves the laboratory’s own figure labels. The interpretations apply to the tested specimen; signals alone do not establish the identity of every similar-looking stone.
-
Electron microscope image: This view shows small-scale regions selected for analysis. Its brightness contrast helps distinguish regions with different compositions; it is not a photograph of their natural colors. Numbered spots connect this view to the analyses listed in the report.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 2: Backscattered electron image of area 1 in sample 8.
-
Elemental spectrum: The peaks record characteristic X-ray signals from elements in the analyzed spot or area. This is an analysis of that location, not automatically of the entire specimen. Any mineral identification or uncertainty named in the laboratory caption is retained below.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 3: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 2. (stilbite-Ca))
-
Electron microscope image: This view shows small-scale regions selected for analysis. Its brightness contrast helps distinguish regions with different compositions; it is not a photograph of their natural colors. Numbered spots connect this view to the analyses listed in the report.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 4: Backscattered electron image of area 2 in sample 8.
-
Elemental spectrum: The peaks record characteristic X-ray signals from elements in the analyzed spot or area. This is an analysis of that location, not automatically of the entire specimen. Any mineral identification or uncertainty named in the laboratory caption is retained below.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 5: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 4. (chlorite group clay species intergrown with stilbite-Ca))
-
Electron microscope image: This view shows small-scale regions selected for analysis. Its brightness contrast helps distinguish regions with different compositions; it is not a photograph of their natural colors. Numbered spots connect this view to the analyses listed in the report.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 6: Backscattered electron image of area 3 in sample 8.
-
Elemental spectrum: The peaks record characteristic X-ray signals from elements in the analyzed spot or area. This is an analysis of that location, not automatically of the entire specimen. Any mineral identification or uncertainty named in the laboratory caption is retained below.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 7: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 6. (intergrowth of chlorite, stilbite-(Ca) and hematite which may be derived from altered chlorite).
-
Electron microscope image: This view shows small-scale regions selected for analysis. Its brightness contrast helps distinguish regions with different compositions; it is not a photograph of their natural colors. Numbered spots connect this view to the analyses listed in the report.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 8: Backscattered electron image of area 4 in sample 8.
-
Elemental spectrum: The peaks record characteristic X-ray signals from elements in the analyzed spot or area. This is an analysis of that location, not automatically of the entire specimen. Any mineral identification or uncertainty named in the laboratory caption is retained below.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 9: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 6. (hematite)
-
Electron microscope image: This view shows small-scale regions selected for analysis. Its brightness contrast helps distinguish regions with different compositions; it is not a photograph of their natural colors. Numbered spots connect this view to the analyses listed in the report.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 10: Backscattered electron image of the desiccated material in sample 8 after being in the samaple chamber of the SEM.
-
Elemental spectrum: The peaks record characteristic X-ray signals from elements in the analyzed spot or area. This is an analysis of that location, not automatically of the entire specimen. Any mineral identification or uncertainty named in the laboratory caption is retained below.
Laboratory figure caption: Fig. 11: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 8. (at least partially dehydrated stilbite-(Ca)).
Read the original laboratory report as text
The following text and tables are transcribed from the original laboratory document. Figure captions identify the report images; the laboratory interpretations and limitations are preserved.
Laboratory report 1
Analytical Result Report
Sample id: 9238 (sample 8, oval and crescent)
Submitted by: K. Bitner
Date submitted: March 27, 2021.
Date completed: April 15, 2021.
Operating conditions: An AMRAY 1830 SEM operated at 25 kV acceleration potential, 26 mm working distance, 15 degrees sample tilt, coated with 250 Å carbon. Using the X-ray fluorescence attachment with 35kv potental in conjunction with the EDS system.
Fig. 1: Photograph of the specimen #8, Crescent is 9 cm in maximum dimension, the oval is 6.5 cm in maximum dimension. The whiter areas in the oval spepcimena re the result oof dehydration in the sample cahamber of the SEM.
Fig. 2: Backscattered electron image of area 1 in sample 8.
.
Fig. 3: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 2. (stilbite-Ca))
Fig. 4: Backscattered electron image of area 2 in sample 8.
Fig. 5: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 4. (chlorite group clay species intergrown with stilbite-Ca))
Fig. 6: Backscattered electron image of area 3 in sample 8.
Fig. 7: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 6. (intergrowth of chlorite, stilbite-(Ca) and hematite which may be derived from altered chlorite).
Fig. 8: Backscattered electron image of area 4 in sample 8.
Fig. 9: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 6. (hematite)
Fig. 10: Backscattered electron image of the desiccated material in sample 8 after being in the samaple chamber of the SEM.
Fig. 11: Energy dispersive spectrum of spot 1 in Fig. 8. (at least partially dehydrated stilbite-(Ca)).
Table 1: Trace elements of the specimen (in wt. %).
| White area | Red area | Green area | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.46 |
| Manganese | nd | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Summary of findings: This sample (Fig. 1) is very interesting. It is mainly zeolite material; best match is a stilbite-(Ca) (Figs. 2 and 3). The green coloration is due to intimately intergrown chlorite group species (Figs. 4 and 5). The red -brown areas are due to an intergrowth of hematite, chlorite (likely oxidized chlorite) and stilbite-(Ca). The coloration is likely due to very tiny particles of hematite (Figs. 6-9) and oxidized chlorite rather than substitution of trivalent iron for aluminum in the stilbite structure since these reactions were taken place likely at low temperature which make it unlikely for the iron to have been mobile. It is possible, that some laumontite is present as well. A surprise came when the oval specimen as retrieved from the sample chamber, it had undergone partial dehydration (Figs. 1, 10, and 11).
The amounts of iron and lesser amounts on manganese are shown for the different colors in Table 1. Note that the iron content for the green and red colors is quite similar, it is likely the response to the oxidation state that yields red versus green colors
Date: April 15, 2021 Signature







